Gerbil, Goat, Guinea, Hamster, Helicobacter, Horse, Human, Influenza, Insect, Kangaroo, Killifish, Pig, Rabbit, Raccoon, Rat, Reindeer, Reptile
Tissue Preservation and FFPE Samples: Optimized Nucleic Acids Isolation in Ewing Sarcoma
Totally different strategies have been described for the preservation of biopsy or resection samples. Within the routine pathology, the most cost effective and mostly used is fixation of samples in formalin and embedding in paraffin (FFPE samples). This methodology preserves tissue samples for a really very long time and is appropriate for a number of specialised methods comparable to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry, the latter being essentially the most frequent and sometimes the one further methodology used for institution of ultimate prognosis.
Nevertheless, in gentle of the rising want of next-generation sequencing and microarray applied sciences which might be usually very useful to ascertain and/or verify diagnoses within the discipline of pediatric sarcoma (together with Ewing sarcoma), preservation of high-quality and amount of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA) is fascinating. Herein, we describe tips on how to ideally protect samples, in addition to tips on how to proceed to isolate nucleic acids for profitable subsequent molecular assays with a particular deal with Ewing sarcoma samples.
Multi-Omics and Informatics Evaluation of FFPE Tissues Derived from Melanoma Sufferers with Lengthy/Quick Responses to Anti-PD1 Remedy Reveals Pathways of Response
Anti-PD-1 based mostly immune therapies are considered depending on antigen processing and presentation mechanisms. To characterize the immune-dependent mechanisms that predispose stage III/IV melanoma sufferers to reply to anti-PD-1 therapies, we carried out a multi-omics examine consisting of expression proteomics and focused immune-oncology-based mRNA sequencing. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples had been obtained from stage III/IV sufferers with melanoma previous to anti-PD-1 remedy.
The sufferers had been first stratified into poor and good responders based mostly on whether or not their tumors had or had not progressed whereas on anti-PD-1 remedy for 1 12 months. We recognized 263 protein/gene candidates that displayed differential expression, of which 223 had been recognized by way of proteomics and 40 by way of targeted-mRNA analyses.
The downstream analyses of expression profiles utilizing MetaCore software program demonstrated an enrichment of immune system pathways concerned in antigen processing/presentation and cytokine manufacturing/signaling. Pathway analyses confirmed interferon (IFN)-γ-mediated signaling by way of NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways to have an effect on immune processes in a cell-specific method and to work together with the inducible nitric oxide synthase. We evaluation these findings inside the context of accessible literature on the efficacy of anti-PD-1 remedy. The comparability of excellent and poor responders, utilizing efficacy of PD-1-based remedy at 1 12 months, elucidated the position of antigen presentation in mediating response or resistance to anti-PD-1 blockade.
Characterization of FFPE-induced bacterial DNA injury and improvement of a restore methodology
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens have big potential as supply materials within the discipline of human microbiome analysis. Nevertheless, the consequences of FFPE processing on bacterial DNA stay uncharacterized. Any results are related for microbiome research, the place DNA template is usually minimal and sequences studied aren’t restricted to 1 genome. As such, we aimed to each characterize this FFPE-induced bacterial DNA injury and develop methods to scale back and restore this injury. Our analyses point out that bacterial FFPE DNA is very fragmented, a poor template for PCR, crosslinked and bears sequence artefacts derived predominantly from oxidative DNA injury.
Two methods to scale back this injury had been devised – an optimized decrosslinking process decreasing sequence artefacts generated by high-temperature incubation, and secondly, an in vitro reconstitution of the bottom excision restore pathway. As evidenced by complete genome sequencing, therapy with these methods considerably elevated fragment size, lowered the looks of sequence artefacts and improved the sequencing readability of bacterial and mammalian FFPE DNA. This examine gives a brand new understanding of the situation of bacterial DNA in FFPE specimens and the way this impacts downstream analyses, along with a technique to enhance the sequencing high quality of bacterial and probably mammalian FFPE DNA.
Common NicE-seq for high-resolution accessible chromatin profiling for formaldehyde-fixed and FFPE tissues
Accessible chromatin performs a central position in gene expression and chromatin structure. Present accessible chromatin approaches rely upon restricted digestion/chopping and pasting adaptors on the accessible DNA, thus requiring further supplies and time for optimization. Common NicE-seq (UniNicE-seq) is an improved accessible chromatin profiling methodology that negates the optimization step and is suited to quite a lot of mammalian cells and tissues.
Addition of 5-methyldeoxycytidine triphosphate throughout accessible chromatin labeling and an on-bead library making step considerably improved the sign to noise ratio whereas defending the accessible areas from repeated nicking in cell traces, mouse T cells, mouse kidney, and human frozen tissue sections. We additionally exhibit one tube UniNicE-seq for the FFPE tissue part for direct NGS library preparation with out sonication and DNA purification steps. These refinements allowed dependable mapping of accessible chromatin for high-resolution genomic function research.
Continual Occupational Publicity to Ionizing Radiation Induces Alterations within the Construction and Metabolism of the Coronary heart: A Proteomic Evaluation of Human Formalin-Fastened Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Cardiac Tissue
Epidemiological research on employees employed on the Mayak plutonium enrichment plant have demonstrated an affiliation between exterior gamma ray publicity and an elevated danger of ischemic coronary heart illness (IHD). In a earlier examine utilizing fresh-frozen put up mortem samples of the cardiac left ventricle of Mayak employees and non-irradiated controls, we noticed radiation-induced alterations within the coronary heart proteome, primarily downregulation of mitochondrial and structural proteins. Because the management group out there at the moment was youthful than the irradiated group, we couldn’t exclude age as a confounding issue. To handle this difficulty, we’ve now expanded our examine to research further samples utilizing archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue.
Importantly, the management group studied right here is older than the occupationally uncovered (>500 mGy) group. Label-free quantitative proteomics evaluation confirmed that proteins concerned within the lipid metabolism, sirtuin signaling, mitochondrial operate, cytoskeletal group, and antioxidant protection had been essentially the most affected. A histopathological evaluation elucidated massive foci of fibrotic tissue, myocardial lipomatosis and lymphocytic infiltrations within the irradiated samples.
These information spotlight the suitability of FFPE materials for proteomics evaluation. The examine confirms the earlier outcomes emphasizing the position of adversarial metabolic adjustments within the radiation-associated IHD. Most significantly, it excludes age on the time of loss of life as a confounding issue.