Microdissection is a precise laboratory technique used to isolate specific cells, tissues, or microscopic structures from a heterogeneous biological sample under direct microscopic visualization. This method allows researchers to obtain pure populations of cells or subcellular components for downstream molecular analysis such as DNA, RNA, or protein studies. Microdissection can be performed manually using fine needles or laser-assisted systems (laser capture microdissection, LCM), which provide high accuracy and minimal contamination. This technique is especially valuable in research fields like cancer biology, neuroscience, and developmental biology where studying specific cell types within complex tissues is critical.