Protein microarrays are cutting edge biotechnology tools that enable the high-throughput analysis of thousands of proteins simultaneously on a single solid surface, such as a glass slide or silicon chip. These arrays consist of meticulously immobilized capture proteins, antibodies, or ligands that can specifically bind target molecules from complex biological samples. Protein microarrays facilitate diverse applications including biomarker discovery, protein–protein interaction mapping, enzyme activity profiling, and antibody specificity testing. Their ultra-sensitive detection capabilities, often enhanced with fluorescent or chemiluminescent labeling, allow researchers to quantify protein expression levels, post-translational modifications, and molecular interactions with remarkable precision. Widely used in proteomics research, drug discovery, diagnostics, and personalized medicine, protein microarrays accelerate the understanding of cellular processes and disease mechanisms by providing comprehensive, multiplexed protein data in a highly efficient and cost-effective manner.